So, What Does Space Smell Like?

It might seem strange to imagine that space has a smell — after all, in the vacuum of space, there’s no air to carry scents. But scientists say: if we could detect the odors of celestial bodies, the universe would offer a surprisingly intense and unique fragrance.

Take Jupiter, for example — the largest planet in our Solar System. According to space scientist and fragrance expert Marina Barcenilla, Jupiter could be described as an explosive mix of strong and unpleasant smells. That’s because the planet has multiple cloud layers, each with a different chemical composition, which would emit its own distinct odor.

The uppermost layer, composed of ammonia ice crystals, might resemble the smell of cat urine. As you go deeper, the chemistry becomes more complex and foul, with compounds like phosphorus, sulfur, and organic molecules known as tholins — similar to those found in gasoline. The result? A possible scent that blends oil, garlic, and bitter almonds.

Smell in Space — and Here on Earth

Barcenilla, who is both a scientist and perfumer, as well as a PhD student in Astrobiology, has turned these cosmic scents into real sensory experiences. With access to the right molecules in her lab, she developed perfumes that simulate what space might smell like, featured in a recent exhibition at London’s Natural History Museum about the possibility of life beyond Earth.

But why talk about smells in a diving magazine?

Because just as the odors of space offer clues about the composition of planets, moons, and comets, smell is also a valuable tool right here on Earth — especially underwater. More than that, smell is one of the oldest senses in life’s history, essential for survival since the very first marine organisms billions of years ago. These primitive beings were already capable of detecting chemicals in the water, using simple structures to navigate, escape danger, or find food.

In humans, the sense of smell evolved into a complex system that triggers memories, emotions, and even helps with social connection. That’s why smell remains so important, even in extreme environments like spacecraft. There, in tight quarters, odors build up — and astronauts report that after spacewalks, their suits carry a distinct metallic scent, like hot iron or grilled meat.

A Universe Full of Scents

If we ever get the chance to explore distant worlds up close, it’s likely that each place will have its own signature aroma — from frozen methane on distant moons to the acidic clouds of sulfur on Venus.

We may never smell these scents with our own noses, but through science, we can imagine, study, and even recreate them in laboratories — giving us a deeper understanding of the building blocks of the universe and the many mysteries it still holds.

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